How does the ketogenic diet impact insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism?

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet that may improve insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Studies on the impact of the ketogenic diet on insulin sensitivity and resistance show mixed results. However, positive outcomes have been observed in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity.

One of the ways a ketogenic diet can impact glucose metabolism is by reducing blood sugar levels. Lowering carbohydrate intake reduces blood sugar levels, which lowers insulin secretion. As insulin levels are reduced, insulin sensitivity can improve.

A ketogenic diet can also impact insulin sensitivity by inducing weight loss. Excess body fat around the waist is associated with elevated blood sugar and insulin resistance. Weight loss reduces insulin resistance, thereby improving insulin sensitivity.

When you follow a ketogenic diet, your body uses fat for fuel instead of carbohydrates. This metabolic state is called ketosis, and it causes the body to produce ketones. Ketones appear to be able to influence insulin signaling directly and indirectly. One way they can indirectly improve insulin sensitivity is by suppressing appetite.

There is research to suggest that the ketogenic diet is effective in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. This is likely due to the diet's ability to improve blood glucose, lower HbA1c levels, reduce the need for antidiabetic medications, promote weight loss, and reduce insulin resistance. However, it is crucial to follow a ketogenic diet under medical supervision to monitor potential side effects and manage diabetic medications to prevent hypoglycemia.

It is important to note that long-term adherence to the ketogenic diet can be difficult, and there are potential negative side effects associated with it. These may include nutrient deficiencies and elevated cholesterol levels. Therefore, it is important to implement personalized dietary approaches that consider individual health conditions, preferences, and goals to facilitate optimal adherence and the best outcomes.

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